This course introduces the essential principles of biomedical instrumentation and systems used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes from the level of human body, organs, cells, down to the molecular level. Their applications encompass a wide range of areas, ranging from healthcare, clinical applications to basic life science research. Examples include ECG, EEG; blood pressure sensors; DNA microarray; biosensors, flow cytometry, cardiac pacemakers, defibrillators and laser surgery.